Henry IV of France - Wikipedia. Henry IVKing of France. Reign. 2 August 1. He was the first French monarch of the House of Bourbon, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. Baptised as a Catholic but raised in the Protestant faith by his mother Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of Navarre, he inherited the throne of Navarre in 1. As a Huguenot, Henry was involved in the French Wars of Religion, barely escaping assassination in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, and later led Protestant forces against the royal army. Henry, as Head of the House of Bourbon, was a direct male- line descendant of Louis IX of France, and . Upon the death of his brother- in- law and distant cousin Henry III of France in 1. Henry was called to the French succession by the Salic law. He initially kept the Protestant faith and had to fight against the Catholic League, which denied that he could wear France's crown as a Protestant. To obtain mastery over his kingdom, after four years of stalemate, he found it prudent to abjure the Calvinist faith. As a pragmatic politician (in the parlance of the time, a politique), he displayed an unusual religious tolerance for the era. Notably, he promulgated the Edict of Nantes (1. Protestants, thereby effectively ending the Wars of Religion. He was assassinated in 1. Fran. He was celebrated in the popular song Vive le roi Henri and in Voltaire's Henriade. Early life. As a teenager, Henry joined the Huguenot forces in the French Wars of Religion. Michel Serrault, Actor: Les diaboliques. As accomplished and versatile the well-loved French actor Michel Serrault proved to be over the course of five decades. Et c'est tout ce dont je me souviens! Le Bon Roi Dagobert est un film r. Le Bon roi Dagobert (1984) : le Film Entier en Haute Qualit Dagobert, roi paillard et grand p. Sur place, il rencontre des complots, des faux. On 9 June 1. 57. 2, upon his mother's death, he became King of Navarre. The wedding took place in Paris on 1. August 1. 57. 2. On 2. August, the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre began in Paris. Several thousand Protestants who had come to Paris for Henry's wedding were killed, as well as thousands more throughout the country in the days that followed. Henry narrowly escaped death thanks to the help of his wife and his promise to convert to Catholicism. He was made to live at the court of France, but he escaped in early 1. On 5 February of that year, he formally abjured Catholicism at Tours and rejoined the Protestant forces in the military conflict. Because Henry of Navarre was the next senior agnatic descendant of King Louis IX, King Henry III had no choice but to recognise him as the legitimate successor. Since Henry of Navarre was a Huguenot, the issue was not considered settled in many quarters of the country and France was plunged into a phase of the Wars of Religion known as the War of the Three Henries. Henry III and Henry of Navarre were two of these Henries. The third was Henry I, Duke of Guise, who pushed for complete suppression of the Huguenots and had much support among Catholic loyalists. Political disagreements among the parties set off a series of campaigns and counter- campaigns that culminated in the Battle of Coutras. Instead, however, the populace were horrified and rose against him. In several cities, the title of the king was no longer recognized. His power was limited to Blois, Tours and the surrounding districts. In the general chaos there was still one power on whom the king could rely . Henry III acknowledged the King of Navarre as a true subject and Frenchman, not a fanatic Huguenot aiming for the destruction of Catholics. Catholic royalist nobles also rallied to the king's standard. With this combined force the two kings marched to Paris. The morale of the city was low, and even the Spanish ambassador believed the city could not hold out longer than a fortnight. But Henry III was assassinated shortly thereafter (2 August 1. The Catholic League, however, strengthened by support from outside the country. Most of the Catholic nobles who had joined Henry III for the siege of Paris also refused to recognize the claim of Henry of Navarre, and abandoned him. He set about winning his kingdom by military conquest, aided by English money and German troops. Henry's Catholic uncle Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon, was proclaimed king by the League, but the Cardinal was Henry's prisoner at the time. While some supported various Guise candidates, the strongest candidate was probably the Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain, the daughter of Philip II of Spain, whose mother Elisabeth had been the eldest daughter of Henry II of France. The French overwhelmingly rejected Philip's first choice, Archduke Ernest of Austria, the Emperor's brother, also a member of the House of Habsburg. In case of such opposition, Philip indicated that princes of the House of Lorraine would also be acceptable to him: the Duke of Guise; a son of the Duke of Lorraine; and the son of the Duke of Mayenne. The Spanish ambassadors then selected the Duke of Guise, to the joy of the League. But at that moment of seeming victory the envy of the Duke of Mayenne was aroused, and he blocked the proposed election of a king. The Parlement of Paris also upheld the Salic law. They argued that if the French accepted natural hereditary succession, as proposed by the Spaniards, and accepted a woman as their queen, then the ancient claims of the English kings would be confirmed, and the monarchy of centuries past would be nothing but an illegality. Mayenne was angered that he had not been consulted prior, but yielded, since their aim was not contrary to his present views. Despite these setbacks for the League, Henry remained unable to take control of Paris. Jeton with portrait of King Henri IV, made in Nuremberg (Germany) by Hans Laufer. Entrance of Henry IV in Paris, 2. March 1. 59. 4, with 1,5. He was said to have declared that Paris vaut bien une messe (. Since Reims, the traditional location for the coronation of French kings, was still occupied by the Catholic League, he was crowned King of France at the Cathedral of Chartres on 2. February 1. 59. 4. Henry and Margaret separated even before Henry acceded to the throne in August 1. Margaret lived for many years in the Ch. After Henry became king of France, it was of the utmost importance that he provide an heir to the crown to avoid the problem of a disputed succession. Henry favoured the idea of obtaining an annulment of his marriage to Margaret and taking Gabrielle d'Estr. Henry's councillors strongly opposed this idea, but the matter was resolved unexpectedly by Gabrielle's sudden death in the early hours of 1. April 1. 59. 9, after she had given birth to a premature and stillborn son. His marriage to Margaret was annulled in 1. Marie de' Medici in 1. For the royal entry of Marie into Avignon on 1. November 1. 60. 0, the citizens bestowed on Henry the title of the Hercule Gaulois (. He and Sully protected forests from further devastation, built a system of tree- lined highways, and constructed bridges and canals. He had a 1. 20. 0- meter canal built in the park at the Ch. He used one construction project to attract attention to his power. When building the Pont- Neuf, a bridge, he placed a statue of himself in the middle. Henry IV also had the Place Royale built (since 1. Place des Vosges), and added the Grande Galerie to the Louvre Palace. More than 4. 00 meters long and thirty- five meters wide, this huge addition was built along the bank of the Seine River, and at the time was the longest edifice of its kind in the world. King Henry IV, a promoter of the arts by all classes of people, invited hundreds of artists and craftsmen to live and work on the building's lower floors. This tradition continued for another two hundred years, until Emperor Napoleon I banned it. The art and architecture of his reign have become known as the . Under the Duke of Parma, an army from the Spanish Netherlands intervened in 1. Henry and foiled his siege of Paris. Another Spanish army helped the nobles opposing Henry to win the Battle of Craon against his troops in 1. After Henry's coronation, the war continued as an official tug- of- war between the French and Spanish states, but after victory at the Siege of Amiens in September 1. Peace of Vervins was signed in 1. This enabled him to turn his attention to Savoy, with which he also had been fighting. Their conflicts were settled in the Treaty of Lyon of 1. France and the Duchy of Savoy. Germany. The preparations were terminated by his assassination, however, and the subsequent rapprochement with Spain under the regency of Marie de' Medici. Ottoman Empire. It granted numerous advantages to France in the Ottoman Empire. An embassy was sent to Tunisia in 1. Fran. In December 1. Saint- Malo, Laval, and Vitr. One was wrecked in the Maldives, leading to the adventure of Fran. No ships were sent, however, until 1. As king, he adopted policies and undertook projects to improve the lives of all subjects, which made him one of the country's most popular rulers ever. Henry is said to have originated the oft- repeated phrase, . The context for that phrase: Si Dieu me pr. This real concern for the living conditions of the . Following his death Henry would be remembered fondly by most of the population. Henry's forthright manner, physical courage, and military successes also contrasted dramatically with the sickly, effete languor of the last Valois kings, as evinced by his blunt assertion that he ruled with . He was also a great philanderer, fathering many children by a number of mistresses. Nicknames. Henry's coach was stopped by traffic congestion related to the Queen's coronation ceremony, as depicted in the engraving by Gaspar Bouttats. Henry was buried at the Saint Denis Basilica. His widow, Marie de' Medici, served as regent for their nine- year- old son, Louis XIII, until 1. A statue was erected in his honour at the Pont Neuf in 1. A cult surrounding the personality of Henry IV emerged during the Bourbon Restoration. The restored Bourbons were keen to play down the controversial reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI and instead emphasised the reign of the benevolent Henry IV.
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