Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6) was the third human spaceflight for the U.S. Conducted by NASA on February 20, 1962, the mission was piloted by. The first American to orbit the Earth, John Glenn made history again when, at the age of 77, he became the oldest person to travel in space. Home Up Type Designations Production Numbers First Flight Dates Routings and Timetables. Send E-mail Note: Remove the last section from the e-mail address before sending! The Space Shuttle's First Flight: STS- 1. Chapter 1. 2The Space Shuttle's First Flight: STS- 1by Henry C. Dethloff. The first mission of the space transport system (STS- 1) or Space Shuttle. April 1. 2, 1. 98. American space flight. The National. Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) intended that the shuttle make. Earth and space, and that it should become. Since 1. 96. 2, NASA aerospace projects, including Mercury, Gemini. Apollo, Landsat, and Skylab, had received ten of the twenty Collier awards. For. the Space Shuttle was a true aerospace craft, a reusable vehicle that could. Earth, enter and operate in space, and return to an Earth. Wayne Hale, a missions flight director for the shuttle, likened. Mission. Control. Owen Morris, the Engineering and Systems Integration Division. Program Office, described the shuttle as a particularly. Although it flew its maiden voyage only in 1. NASA's shuttle program. Apollo. In the late 1. First, a human would be lofted into. Mercury). Second, the passengers. Gemini). Third. a reusable space vehicle would be developed that would take humans into. Earth orbit and return them. Next, a permanent Space Station would be constructed. Earth orbit through the utilization of the reusable space vehicle. Howard Allaway, The Space Shuttle at Work (Washington, DC. NASA, 1. 97. 9), Foreword, pp. Dethloff with Owen Morris, Houston, Texas, August. Dethloff with N. Wayne Hale, Jr., Johnson Space Center. Houston, Texas, October 1. The great costs associated. Space quickly. came to be an expensive business, and as it developed, the shuttle, more. But because the nation's mission in space came to. American on the Moon within the decade of the sixties, NASA's. Glenn, Jr., became the first American. Despite Shepard’s successful first flight. The success of the Friendship 7 mission enabled NASA to. Apollo lunar program preempted both the Space Station and the shuttle. Johnson Space. Center) in Houston on October 2. Marshall Space. Flight Center and the Manned Spacecraft Center agreed to pursue independent. March 1. 96. 6 statement of. Or most certainly a point of inception would be January 2. George E. Mueller, NASA's Associate Administrator for Manned Space. Flight, approved contract negotiations for initial shuttle design work. Or it could have been even much. John Glenn's ascent John Herschel Glenn Jr. 20, 1962, when he became the first American to go into orbit. But his trajectory to. During those hearings many . Boushey, Air. Force Director of Advanced Technology listed the development of spacecraft. This is quite a different concept. Proposal which merely takes a human 'along. Boushey believed that by the end of the decade of the 1. Space Station could be assembled by piloted . Memorandum, Max Akridge (PD- RV), Space Shuttle History, January. MSFC Reports Subseries, JSC History Office Houston, TX. Staff Report of the Select Committee on Astronautics and Space Exploration. Next Ten Years in Space, 1. Cong., 1st Sess., House Doc. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1. Morrow, vice president of Chrysler Corporation, thought that space. Dornberger, rocket expert for Bell Aircraft, expected to see . Knutson, Chairman, Corporate Space Committee for North American. Aviation, offered a much more exact definition for a . Then a rocket engine installed in the ship itself would. In a low trajectory, the vehicle would pass halfway. Earth in 4. 5 minutes. A retrorocket would start the ship out. As the vehicle. enters the denser atmosphere, the nose and edges of the wing and tail will. The structure will be built to. If not a point of inception, there was at least in 1. Eriche, for example, presented . In January 1. 95. NACA engineers on the staff of the Ames Aeronautical. Laboratory at Moffett Field, California, filed a secret report on their. The second, Luna II. Moon in September; Luna III flew behind the Moon. October 1. 95. 9. On April 1. 2, 1. Major Yuri Gagarin became the first. Kennedy and Congress. NASA, preempting existing developmental programs and. The United States, before the decade is out, should land . An orbital Space Station. Earth- to- orbit spacecraft, while they might contribute to a continuing. American lunar. landing within the decade. NASA readjusted its schedules and priorities. Apollo. The Space Station and the reusable aerospace craft. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). January 1. 96. 3, developed a statement of work for a fully reusable rocket- powered. Marshall. awarded independent contracts to Lockheed Aircraft and North American Aviation. But the NASA focus continued to be. Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo. By the end of 1. 96. Mercury program. ended. The last Gemini mission flew on November 1. NASA scheduled. the first Apollo flight for December 5, 1. An Apollo with a Saturn booster. Apollo on its lunar voyages, flew an unpiloted test on. February 2. 6, 1. It appeared. likely through most of 1. Apollo- Saturn lunar program was on. Should NASA complete its mission to land a man on the Moon within. In October 1. 96. American. Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics focused on the question, . The war, and money, began, even in the midst. Apollo, to turn NASA's attention to the . Discussion of an orbital space platform. Earth- to- orbit supply vehicle revived. Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense and Chairman, the National. Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, April 2, 1. Special Committee on. Space and Astronautics, Senate Papers, Box 3. Lyndon B. Johnson Library. LBJ Library), Austin, Texas. A large contingent of Canadian. British aeronautical engineers were recruited by NASA following he. Canadian governments decision in 1. AVRO fighter. plane. Johnson, The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1. NASA budgets, however, were becoming. January conference at NASA Headquarters. The year, 1. 96. 7, passed. In January 1. 96. George Mueller rekindled sentiments for work on a reusable spacecraft as. Where we stand now is the feasibility generally has been. And we have much data on many concepts. We. have an uncertain market demand and operational requirements. The R& D. costs for fully reusable systems, including incremental development approaches. Personnel and cargo spacecraft seem to dominate Earth- to- orbit. R& D costs for new logistics systems are in competition. Nevertheless, NASA put a decision for the development of a reusable. Headquarters. tentatively agreed to award a study contract, but withheld approval pending. Apollo 8 flight. 1. Apollo 8 was the first Apollo flight carrying . Its original flight plan was to go into Earth orbit. MSFC and MSC combined to convince leaders at NASA Headquarters. Apollo 8 should be a circumlunar flight. Although perceived. Anders. into ten orbits about the Moon, and returned them safely to Earth. That. flight provided greater assurance of the probability of completing a lunar. Apollo. program. On January 2. George Mueller approved contract negotiations. Space Shuttle. 1. Touchdown by Apollo 1. Moon's surface in July 1. Nixon appointed a Space Task Group to study the. Internal NASA studies complemented the work. On January 2. 9, NASA awarded Phase A study contracts. Lockheed. Missile & Space Company studied clustered or modular reusable flyback. General Dynamics/Convair examined expendable fuel tanks and solid. Both contracts were administered by Marshall. The Manned. Spacecraft Center in Houston directed a study by North American Rockwell. Akridge, Space Shuttle History, p. Ibid., 4. 9; Linda Neuman Ezell, NASA Historical Data Book. III, Programs and Projects, 1. Washington, DC: NASA SP- 4. Martin Marietta conducted an. NASA. 1. 7. Concurrently, a joint DOD/NASA study began on space transportation which. President's Space Task Group. Teague, Chairman of the House Committee. Science and Astronautic's subcommittee for NASA oversight, asked the. Director of each NASA Center involved directly in the manned space flight. He. requested an evaluation of the Space Task Group's preliminary recommendations. NASA focus on a reusable space craft and a permanent space station. Myers (Associate Administrator. Manned Space Flight), Robert R. Gilruth (Director of the Manned Spacecraft. Center), Kurt H. Debus (Director of Kennedy Space Center), Eberhard Rees. Director of Marshall Space Flight Center), and Wernher von Braun (Deputy. Associate Administrator), . Gilruth, Director of the Manned Spacecraft Center, responded. Throughout history, he noted, innovations. He. advised proceeding now with the development of a fully reusable Space Shuttle. Phase B studies. Eberhard Rees wrote that the answer. No one would. question the justification for a jet aircraft that can be flown over and. With the Space Shuttle and the Space Station. Ezell, NASA Historical Data Book, 3: 4. Akridge, Space Shuttle. History, pp. Kennedy, The Evolution of the Space Shuttle Design, Personal. Files, Joseph P. Loftus, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas. Teague, Washington, DC to Robert R. Gilruth, Houston, TX. October 3,1. 96. 9, Apollo Program Chronological Files, JSC History Office. Robert F. Freitag to Distribution (w Lb letters attached), April 2. Apollo Applications File 0. JSC History Office. Freitag to distribution, AA 0. JSC History Office. Thompson, who became the Manned Spacecraft Center's Space. Shuttle Program Director in April 1. Phase A and DOD studies was to develop a fully reusable system. However, as early as May. By. the end of the year NASA Headquarters shifted the Phase A studies to an. The Phase A reports were received in November. DOD/NASA joint studies were completed in December 1. Both. the NASA internal studies and the DOD/NASA study continued to support a. In May 1. 97. 0, NASA awarded Phase B contracts to a North American Rockwell. General Dynamics team and to a Mc. Donnell Douglas and Martin Marietta. But in June, contracts. Grumman Aerospace and Boeing partners for studies of. Lockheed. to examine an expendable fuel tank for the orbiter, and to Chrysler for. There were other contracts. The year ended without a decision as to the design of the shuttle, but. The decision. on a fully, or even a partially, reusable shuttle apparatus was still pending. Fletcher, who had replaced. NASA Administrator Thomas O. Paine in April, believed that whatever the. In June 1. 97. 1, Max Faget, who headed MSC's Advanced.
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